Earth s Impact On Earth - 1201 Words

Humans have changed the face of Earth from the moment they first arrived. We humans who rule the earth and live in the earth have changed in many ways; ever since we came we have had growth in population, impact has been greater. We cut down forests, emitting pollutants, spilling oil, burying toxic waste, dumping garbage in oceans. We have affected this earth in a very positive and a negative way ever since we arrived on this planet called earth. Let me take you on a journey of how humans have transformed over time. Before humans arrived on earth was a molten rock which took hundreds of years to cool down and then it rained for years which formed oceans and finally life started to form on earth. Earth began 4.6 billion years ago from the same cloud of gas (mostly hydrogen and helium) and interstellar dust that formed our sun. First organisms around 3.6 billion years ago were simple cells oxygen producing bacteria. Also many things happened during geological process such as crystallizing of molten rock and wearing a way of landmasses. Humans started arriving later and everything started to change. Humans arrived on earth 200,000 thousand years ago, time of climate change, modern humans (Homo sapiens) evolved in Africa. Like early humans, modern humans gathered and hunted food. They developed behaviors that helped them react to the challenges of survival. Around 40,000 years ago Humans become more modernized and they start moving out of Africa and towards Europe and Hunt andShow MoreRelatedEarth s Impact On Earth1834 Words   |  8 Pages Earth History Paper Earth has been around for billions of years, about 4.543 billion years to be more exact. Through the years, it is safe to say that Earth has changed significantly. The planet Earth formed billions of years ago from next to nothing, the Earth’s plates have moved to change the surface appearance and structure, life on Earth has evolved drastically, and Earth developed an essential atmosphere as well as oceans. As the Earth continues to change, humans continue to learn more aboutRead MoreThe Earth s Oceans And Its Impact On Earth1269 Words   |  6 Pages1). While these are just facts that tell the worst-case scenario, they should be alarms that spark change in the way we fish. This paper, however, will specifically target overfishing in the Grand Banks in Newfoundland, Canada, and analyze its impact on Earth, its Environment and Humanity. Over fishing is simply when fishermen catch more fish than are being reproduced. Eventually the stock of fish in the environment will be comp letely depleted. That is exactly what happened off the shores of NewfoundlandRead MoreThe And Their Impact On Earth s Climate1435 Words   |  6 PagesSunspots and Their Impact on Earth s Climate The sun is an incredibly dynamic ball of mass and energy at the center of our solar system. The source of the sun s energy is nuclear fusion; where mass is converted into energy when protons (positively charged hydrogen atoms) smash together at incredible speeds at the center of the sun to form helium. Nuclear forces aren t the only thing acting on the sun, electromagnetic forces also play a vital role in the sun s dynamic behavior. Due to the unimaginablyRead MoreThe Impact Of Volcanic Eruptions On The Earth s Climate System Essay1391 Words   |  6 PagesWhen examining the influence and impacts of volcanic eruptions upon the earth’s climate system we have to consider occurrences both in the present and in the past. It has been noted by McGuire et al. that â€Å"Volcanic activity and environmental change have been linked during recent times and in the geological record.† (2002:88) With thousands of volcanic events having transpired since the Archean, there is an abun dance of evidence to support the theory that volcanoes have impacted our climate for overRead MoreThe Impact Of Space Travel On Our Earth s Climate Essay1430 Words   |  6 Pagesthe entire population, and it makes so much more sense to stop screwing up the planet we’re already on instead of trying to find a new one. In the past 200 years we’ve made a greater impact on our earth’s climate than we have in the preceding 200,000 years of our existence1, and it definitely hasn’t been a positive impact. Our climate cycles on its own over long periods of time, but this latest cycle has changed at a much more significant rate than any of the previous theorized cycles. We’ve had technologicalRead MoreThe World s Terrifying Impact On Earth Justifies New Anthropocene Epoch1752 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Humanity’s terrifying impact on Earth justifies new Anthropocene epoch† is the title of an article published in the Guardian newspaper in October 2014, the purpose of this essay is to assess if this statement was and is true. The geologic timescale comprises of Eons, Eras, Periods, Epochs and Ages, all of which fit into each other with Eon being the largest. Key geological events in the life of the planet are used to mark the transition from one of these chapters to another. Fig 1 has been createdRead MoreImpact Of Drilling On The Earth s Oceans And The Well Being Of Wildlife And Humans850 Words   |  4 Pagesthe NPR, unleashed the worst environmental catastrophe our nation has ever seen, and its impacts are still lingering today. II. Thesis: I wish to share this information with you all today because it is up to us to end offshore drilling. If we all became more knowledgeable on the ramifications of offshore drilling, we could better know how to avoid it. I firstly want to address the significant environmental impacts of drilling, second the alternative we can employ instead of drilling, and lastly howRead MoreHow Choices I Have Made That Impact The Earth s Water Cycle874 Words   |  4 PagesThe Water Cycle This essay examines choices I have made that impact the earth’s water cycle. I have focused primarily on water conservation and acknowledged my greenhouse gas contributions. I have a new appreciation for the hydrologic cycle. I had not previously thought about the world’s water supply in terms of 1.39B cubic kilometers or that only one percent of this is available as fresh water for humanity to work with (not accounting for the polar icecaps, glaciers or ocean desalination efforts)Read MoreThe Moon Is The Only Natural Satellite Of Earth1436 Words   |  6 Pagessatellite of Earth. Its orbit is 384,400 km from Earth, the diameter is 3476 km and the mass is 7.35e22 kg. The moon is also Called Luna by the Romans, Selene and Artemis by the Greeks, and many other names in other mythologies. The Moon, of course, has been known since prehistoric times. It is the second brightest object in the sky after the Sun. As the Moon orbits around the Earth once per month, the angle between the Earth, the Moon and the Sun changes; we see this as the cycle of the Moon s phasesRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The World1267 Words   |  6 Pagesthreatening issue that scientists and the government have been cognizant about. Global warming is the term used to describe a gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth s atmosphere and its oceans, a change that is believed to be permanently changing the Earth’s climate. The earth periodically warms up and cools down. The Earth is currently going through a warming trend that coincides with the industrial revolution. This threat has cause several negative influx in our world. For instance, higher

The Ethics Of The Accounting Profession - 1204 Words

Ethics is a decision one makes in knowing the right thing to do and actually doing the right thing. They are the rules of behavior based on one’s belief of what is morally good and bad. A person may hear the word ethics and immediately think of government or the law. Not only does ethics have a role in government, it also plays a major role in business, including accounting. Schroeder, Clark Cathey (624) states that the â€Å"reason for a high level of ethical conduct is the need for public confidence in the quality of services provided by the profession.† Ethical conduct not only encourages a high standard of performance; it also encourages a high quality of professional service. Enron’s financial scandal put a huge damper on that confidence. The Enron scandal made the public aware and conscientious of what could happen when dealing with unethical individuals. Since then, the public has educated themselves and are continually becoming more informed. Ethics in the accounting profession is not going away, it will only continue to change as business transaction change and become more complex. Although some behaviors are legal they may not be held as ethical. For example, Henry Blodgett, an analyst for Merrill Lynch, publicly recommend certain technology stocks, although he knew they were not any good (Smith, 2012). His recommendation of these stocks was unethical, but completely legal. One difference between the court system and judging ethical standards is the courtShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of The Accounting Profession1210 Words   |  5 PagesEthics are a decision one makes in knowing the right thing to do and essentially doing the right thing. They are the rules of behavior based on one’s belief of what is morally good and bad. A person may hear the word ethics and immediately think of government or the law. Not only does ethics have a role in government, it also plays a major role in business, including accounting. Schroeder, Clark Cathey (624) states that the â€Å"reason for a high level of ethical conduct is the need for public confidenceRead MoreThe Et hics Of The Accounting Profession1579 Words   |  7 PagesEthics in all forms is concerned with the good and bad, right and wrong in a situation. (Duska) In life you will be placed in a situation where you have to make a choice. These situations are not always black and white, in other words they do not have a clear answer. You will not know what your reaction would be in any given situation until you are there and have to make the decision. This is present in both our personal and professional lives. However, if you always follow the guidelines setRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Accounting Profession2258 Words   |  10 Pages The accounting profession is perhaps one of the most diverse of them all. Not only are there many different accounting functions such as financial reporting, auditing, accounts receivable, budgeting, investments, analysis, or fixed asset accounting (to name a few), but there’s the fact that accountants are needed for almost every business in every industry. So it comes as no surprise that these are positions with great responsibility. Accountants are often called the gatekeepers of a business’Read MoreCode Of Ethics And The Laws Of The Accounting Profession Essay1482 Words   |  6 Pagesthe arguments as to why a code of ethics is essential to support the regulation of the accounting profession in New Zealand. Introduction Code of Ethics display the ideal qualities that one should follow and demonstrate, in the accounting profession. It lays down the expected standards, and are based on personal characteristics and behavior. According to New Zealand Institute of Chartered Accountants Act 1996 the five fundamental principles in the Code of Ethics are integrity, objectivity, professionalRead MoreWhy Are Ethics Important in the Accounting Profession? Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesWhy Are Ethics Important In The Accounting Profession? Sheree Fletcher CE CAPSTONE COURSE FOR THE ASSOCIATES DEGREE IDS399 September 10, 2006 What does ethics have to do with accounting? Everything, since there have been some recent financial accounting scandals; a few examples being Xerox, WorldCom, Enron, which have generated much unwanted and unfavorable publicity for CPAs, including those working as controllers or chief financial officers for organizations. When you hear theRead MoreWhy Are Ethics Important In The Accounting Profession Essay1396 Words   |  6 PagesWhy Are Ethics Important In The Accounting Profession? What does ethics have to do with accounting? Everything, since there have been some recent financial accounting scandals; a few examples being Xerox, WorldCom, Enron, which have generated much unwanted and unfavorable publicity for CPAs, including those working as controllers or chief financial officers for organizations. When you hear the word ethics, what is the first thing that comes to mind? Having to make the decision of doing whatRead MoreEthical Issues Faced by the Accountancy Profession Essay1747 Words   |  7 PagesEthics plays an essential and integral part in the accountancy profession. Professional conduct plays an important role in establishing public trust in financial reporting and business practise. Yet this can and has come under threat when clients and employees are exposed to the risk of fraud when accounting ethics are not adhered to. Codes of ethics are adopted to ensure the reliability, comparability and integrity of financial statements. Ethical standards exist to safeguard the fundamental principlesRead MoreEssay on The Ethical Values Held in Accounting, A Literature Rewiew1426 Words   |  6 PagesEvery profession faces a multiple of ethical challenges on a daily bases, this can be clearly witnessed in the accounting profession. The main focus of this literature review is to discuss the ethical values held in this profession and to also explore the ethical challenges that they face. Professional ethics for accountants is all about making sure that accountants carry out their duties to the highest standard possible and in a very professional manner. A code of ethics is designed to make sureRead MoreFinancial Accounting819 Words   |  4 PagesQUESTION BTN 1-3 Identify the parties potentially affected by this audit and the fee plan proposed Accounting code of ethics guides those in the profession to behave in a respectful, controlled and moral way. Clients need to have confidence in the business practices of professional accounting firms. A clear ethical code ensures that accountants practice a high standard of business that is exceptional in integrity and professionalism (Maughan, 2011). According to Schreiber (2003)Read MoreA Study On Malaysian Institute Of Accountants1416 Words   |  6 Pagesof Accountants website offers viewing of the code of ethics for practicing accountants (2010). As per the website and information therein, The Malaysian Institute of Accountants set up the Ethics Standard Board in June 2009 in order to supplement the Malaysian Government’s push to promote greater integrity and ethics. The vision of the Ethics Standard Board is to adopt high quality professional and ethical standards for the accountancy profession. Their mission is to promote good ethical practices

Hyde duality Essay Example For Students

Hyde duality Essay Jekyll also writes that he is quite sure that there is a duality in man, that man is not one, but two: It was on the moral side, and in my own person, that I learned to recognise the thorough and primitive duality of man- proves that he has come to this conclusion by feeling that there is another evil side of him, hidden in his moral side (which will eventually become Hyde). A little further into the chapter, Jekyll describes his first transformation into Hyde. He says that he felt a grinding in the bones and a horror in the spirit that cannot be exceeded at the hour of birth or death. He most probably explains it in this way as when something happens for the first time, it brings with it a new effect, and this new effect will always be the strongest, as it is unexpected and unpredicted. Jekyll then goes on to write that he crossed the yard (where in the constellations looked down upon me), and comments that he was a stranger in my own house. This is very cleverly written, as although he is himself, he is on his evil side of his dual personality, which hasnt yet been shown and therefore is considered a stranger, possibly not just to his house, but the whole of London. After stepping into his room, Jekyll sees himself as Hyde, and says in his statement that Hyde looked less robust and developed than his good side, which he had just disposed of for the time being. Jekyll also studies that Hyde was so much smaller, slighter and younger than Henry Jekyll; nonetheless the evil still held a strong presence in Hyde- evil was written broadly and plainly on the face - the reader gets the idea that Hyde is very different from Jekyll and is on to a much worse future, that Hyde will gradually interfere with Jekylls life, and Jekyll will lose control (which in fact he does). Nearing the very end of the book, Jekyll proves that Hyde has taken his ability to control his personalities, which has been washed away, thus brings an unhappy end to his life. Half an hour from now, when I shall again and forever reindue that hated personality Jekyll fears that not long after writing his statement, he will once again turn into his monstrous dark side and pace up and down in his last refuge. These words of Jekyll show that he has already locked himself away from the world, and that his last place of safety is where he sits now, not wanting to show his face just in case of transforming unexpectedly, that his obsession and desire has been taken too far. However, when Jekyll eventually changes into Hyde, Poole (Jekylls butler) and Utterson manage to break down the door to Jekylls laboratory, after hearing a voice they cannot identify (Utterson, said the voice, for Gods sake, have mercy) they find Jekyll to be nowhere. Instead, they find Hyde twitching on the floor, various articles, chemicals, a cheval glass and a strange drug. Utterson also finds Jekylls latest will and learns that he has left the house in Uttersons hands. All of the events in this chapter: The Last Night, is somewhat confusing for the first time reader. There are so many things that need to be understood, and only then can it be grasped what has actually happened i. e. Hyde being found on the floor, Jekylls sudden disappearance, and Jekylls will. Poole comes to the conclusion that he must be buried here, while Utterson believes that Jekyll .u171288885a23259cabe5eb36adc55927 , .u171288885a23259cabe5eb36adc55927 .postImageUrl , .u171288885a23259cabe5eb36adc55927 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u171288885a23259cabe5eb36adc55927 , .u171288885a23259cabe5eb36adc55927:hover , .u171288885a23259cabe5eb36adc55927:visited , .u171288885a23259cabe5eb36adc55927:active { border:0!important; } .u171288885a23259cabe5eb36adc55927 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u171288885a23259cabe5eb36adc55927 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u171288885a23259cabe5eb36adc55927:active , .u171288885a23259cabe5eb36adc55927:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u171288885a23259cabe5eb36adc55927 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u171288885a23259cabe5eb36adc55927 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u171288885a23259cabe5eb36adc55927 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u171288885a23259cabe5eb36adc55927 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u171288885a23259cabe5eb36adc55927:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u171288885a23259cabe5eb36adc55927 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u171288885a23259cabe5eb36adc55927 .u171288885a23259cabe5eb36adc55927-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u171288885a23259cabe5eb36adc55927:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: MAMA MAMA!!!! Essaymay have fled- both of these possibilities making the truth even more of a mystery to the reader. I believe it is only until the later chapters ( Dr Lanyons Narrative and Henry Jekylls Full Statement of the Case), that the reader will if not fully, then partially understand what as happened, as he/she may or may not have grasped that chapter 8 is just a mirror image of chapter 10. Both of these chapters tell the same part of the story, only just from a different perspective, so it could be said there is duality to be found in the plot, ranging from Pooles and Uttersons understanding (chapter 8) to Jekylls (chapter 10). Stevensons work throughout the novel is tremendously clever and well written, and I believe that he does meet his goal in portraying the duality of human nature. There are so many elements in the story that agree with the idea of a double i. e. both Jekyll and Hydes different appearances, their ways of life and how they are in fact, complete opposites. Stevenson shows this in exquisite detail by expressing himself in such a way that a clear picture is built up in the readers mind, which gradually builds up as more and more of the tale is revealed. There is perhaps one weakness in the novel that becomes present mainly in the second part i. e. from chapter 5 onwards. This is the confusing timeline of the story, as sometimes events dont run chronologically, and has to be read carefully to understand the full message that is being brought across. It could be said however, that this only concerns the first-time reader, and when read a number of times, and only when read a number of times, will the novel will be fully valued to its full degree. It is the sort of book that can be picked up and read many times, as the whole novel has brought with it a classic, timeless feel; an essence within itself. This is the reason why The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde will never grow old, and be respected just as much now as what it was nearly 150 years ago. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE The Tempest section.

O Captain, My Captain! Essays - Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln

O Captain, My Captain! Chapter seven Today's poem is O Captain, My Captain. This poem is written by Walt Whitman, Whitman is one of America's greatest poets. His works have been quoted from the time he has been writing. Walt Whitman has written this poem; O Captain, My captain in the memory of Abraham Lincoln. Abraham was America's 16th president and he brought an end to the civil war. the civil was a war that was been fought between the northern and southern states of America. Abraham was credited for bringing peace between both sides. This poem was written in a form that is called an elegy. An elegy is a poem written in the memory of some body to commemorate their passing. O Captain, My Captain was an elegy written by Whitman in the memory of Abraham Lincoln. In the poem he is comparing Abraham's journey as a journey of a captain who takes his ship on a voyage and after the voyage is done the ship comes back victorious. There are a lot of symbolism is this poetry, America was being symbolized by the ship, the civil war was being symbolized the voyage and the president of America was being symbolized by the captain of the ship. The first stanza talks about the captain, of captain of the ship which is Lincoln, fought a battle and had won the battle and now the people were celebrating their victory. There is a change in mood after each four lines, in every stanza, the first two lines are happy lines and the last two lines are sad. The 'but'' in the second stanza represent the change in mood after so much of celebration and joyful moment, the captain who was leading the ship has died. He was in disbelieve after realizing that the captain wouldn't wake up, and now he is accepting the fact that the captain died but the ship was victorious this symbolizes that the purpose of the civil war had been achieved and people were celebrating. This poem was a blend of reality and fiction to commemorate a great leader that brought an end to a war.

Eating Less for a Longer Life essays

Eating Less for a Longer Life essays Within the article, "Eating Less May Extend Human Life," there are three main studies discussed. Those studies have a population of rodents, rhesus monkeys, and male humans respectively. The three groups the study specifics, are all slightly different in both population and scientific characteristics. Though each study is different they all reflect similarities of findings and suggest that further research will yield promising results. In the rodent tests, the article suggests that there have been several tests conducted on both mice and rats with predictable results, include a test and a control group. The test group consists of a population of rodents with a reduced dietary intake of about 30 percent. In addition to this those rodents within the test group also share three biomarkers, thought to be as a result of the reduced caloric intake, lower body temperature, lower blood sugar and high levels of the hormone DHEAS. The control group of this particular study is a group of rodents with both normal caloric intake and lower life span. The results for the Rhesus monkey study are still preliminary, the test started 15 years ago must reflect the normal lifespan of the Rhesus monkey, about 25 years in order to contend scientific results. "Statistically, at least half of the monkeys will have to complete their normal lifespan before the data is considered significant, said Roth" (AP 2003, pp. 3). Regardless of this fact indicators suggest that the control group is consistently living shorter lives on a normal caloric diet and lacking the three biomarkers present in the super aged rodent population. The human test also preliminary is also slightly different than the other two studies. The human male study, occurring in Baltimore, MD, does not include a test group being denied caloric intake. Instead the studies test group includes a group of men who consistently possess the three biomarkers found in both the test rodent and monkey p...

Turkey essays

Turkey essays The Turkish nation cannot hide the fact that it holds a horrific human rights record. Yet there are many other states that have abused such rights, were able to put an end to violent acts against humankind, and now stand amongst the greatest and most respected powers in the world. The United States practiced slavery; Germany, under the Nazis, was responsible for the greatest genocide in history. However, they were able to reform their policies and once again establish nations whose goals are to protect the rights of their people. We do not ask you to forgive us for our past actions, but to recognize the fact we have chosen to take the road of reforming our policies. Turkey has already taken great strides to achieve its goals. We also ask of you to help, support and give us advice on how to preserve human rights within our country. We promise that we will achieve this goal. II. Human Rights and the European Union Turkey became a candidate for E.U. membership in 1999. However, it must meet the Copenhagen criteria before membership negotiations can begin. The criteria require that all applicant states demonstrate stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law. Human rights, and respect for and protection of minorities. Due to the fact that full membership in the European Union is the primary objective of Turkish foreign policy, the country is taking all measures and putting great effort into meeting these criteria. Turkey is attempting to transform virtually its entire social structure to bring its policies and laws more into line with European norms. One of its objectives is also to resolve disputes through peaceful means and to contribute to regional peace, stability, security and prosperity. Turkey has demonstrated its resolve in ensuring the stability of democratic institutions and upgrading human rights standards. The new Turkish Civil C ...

Design Management for the Fashion Industries Essay

Design Management for the Fashion Industries - Essay Example The essay "Design Management for the Fashion Industries" concerns the management in fashion. Over the last fifteen years, an increasing trend of investment in design areas by the business emphasizes the fact that design management adds to the value of the products and services. By this process, design established itself as a commercial business in the field of marketing communications and in the process proved its own commercial value. The investments of a business are not confined to one area. The various areas of investment for a business include the investment on procurement of raw materials, plant and machineries for manufacturing, advertising expenses, various investments on promotion of its products. The investment in design is one such area considered by businesses which supports the desire of achieving business goals. The designers play a crucial role to make their clients understand that the design of the business products are not only for the purpose of beautification but a lso has wide commercial value that helps in achieving growth of the business. The business should understand the relative importance and contribution of design in the future growth of business. The allocation of funds into design management is facilitated by the assessment of relative importance of design management as compared to other areas of investment. Thus the measurement of return on investment (ROI) for design management is extremely crucial for the business houses. Design management is not a simple calculation... Thus the measurement of return on investment (ROI) for design management is extremely crucial for the business houses. Return on Investment (ROI) for design The measurement of return on investment in the field of design management is not a simple calculation. The return on investments in design management cannot, however, be guaranteed as it depends on the acceptance of the product by the users after the design is changed or a new design is introduced. The return on investment for a business depends on various factors of which design is one among them. Thus the return on investment is an integration of the returns obtained from the effective implementation of all the factors. The factors may be investment on raw materials for the product, manufacturing, packaging and design, logistics, advertisements and other channels for marketing communication. Also there is a correlation between the areas of investments. The ROI on design is thus dependent on performance of other investment avenu es. For example a lack of performance in the advertising of the designed product may hamper the sale of products and thus it would impact the return on investment. However, the overall return on investment is measured by the increase in revenue, profitability as an impact of design. The other areas of return on investment are changes in the perception of the customers due to rebranding of the product, change in the footfall of the number of customers, development of research and innovative activities in operation, increase of market share, etc. Thus the return on investments in design is considered as an area of priority investment in the best interest of the business. Fashion Case Studies on design management The importance of

MPH599 - Culminating Project Mod 2 Case Assignment Essay

MPH599 - Culminating Project Mod 2 Case Assignment - Essay Example Theyre also number one on the list for children who have obesity. Risk factors for children to become type II diabetics, include, overweight and obesity, as well as distribution of body fat, high or low birth weight and rapid weight gain in children, physical inactivity and sedentary pastimes, fetal exposure to maternal gestational diabetes, failure to recover from the dynamic metabolic system changes of puberty when overweight or obese, and signs of insulin resistance untreated. Being a member of ethnic populations such as the American black, Mexican American, and Native American increases risk this disease. Essentially every civilized country in the world has had a sudden increase in children who are obese and therefore, children who have type II diabetes. Spain and the UK are second and third in numbers of children who have obesity as well as type II diabetes. Unfortunately type II diabetes in children leads to early hypertension and cardiovascular disease and peripheral vascular disease. The fact that these children are so overweight causes a great deal of difficulty maintaining joints and these children as they hit early adulthood often havening degenerative joint disease. Appropriate screening and follow-up education on such issues as nutrition, number of hours in front of the television set, or number of hours playing video games is important in the school systems today. The average child who develops early-onset diabetes is usually in the age range of 5 to 15.(Healthy people 2020). Type II diabetes in children is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century. Thereve been more than $2 trillion spent nationally on health care issues related to child type II diabetes. This actually only amounts to 3% of all public health activity. Its already estimated 250,000 more public health workers will be needed by 2020 to handle the number of issues that are growing, with childhood as well as adult diabetes as

War in Iraq Essay Example for Free

War in Iraq Essay The United States Governments decision to invade Iraq was a mistake and so is the decision to continue to occupy the war-country. However, more than just a mistake, the war is of course wrong, and the reasons which the US declared for the rationale of the war are based on misinformed information. There are kinds of war that can be justified if the reasons behind them are morally right — the Iraq War is not one of them. The question whether the government knew this or not is not really known. Various sides claim different things regarding the rationality of the war, but one thing is for sure: This author is not for any kind of war, including the Iraq War. Iraq War in Under Fire There are a number of reasons why the war on Iraq is to be considered a bad judgment, if not a bad â€Å"scheme. † We could go on and on with a long list, but it would take a very long time. However, the main concern of the government was that Iraq had what they called â€Å"Weapons of Mass Destruction† (WMD) that are a threat to the security of not only America but also the rest of the world. There is reason to believe that misleading information influenced the decision of the president to go to war. In a press release posted on the Central Intelligence Agencys (CIA) website, Jay Rockefeller, chair of Intelligence committee said, â€Å"In making the case for war, the Administration repeatedly presented intelligence as fact when in reality it was unsubstantiated, contradicted, or even non-existent. As a result, the American people were led to believe that the threat from Iraq was much greater than actually existed† (qtd. in United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence 1). He was right; by the time the US and coalition forces was done ransacking the country, no WMD were found. There were also no threatening biological and chemical weapons found in Iraq. There were hints that Saddam wanted to create such devious weapons, but the findings suggest that the â€Å"imminent threats† that the government was so afraid about were non-existent. With these findings alone, the main justification of the US government for going to war with Iraq is nullified. Supposedly after the US was embarrassed by their Intelligence failure, the logical thing to do was to pull out of Iraq as quickly as possible and admit they have made a mistake. Yet, instead of doing this, the government even denied it, publicly declaring Iraq as an â€Å"imminent threat† to the US (Center for American Progress 1). Of course, pulling out of the Iraq would not be that easy especially because the coalition forces have done such a good job of virtually maiming the country. The chaos that the conflict created also meant that it would be morally wrong to just leave the devastated country after doing significant damage to it. The process of pulling out the troops, however, is taking longer than necessary. US troops have been in Iraq since 2003 and until now, tens of thousands of soldiers are still in the dangerous country. The longer the troops stay in Iraq, the more body bags the army have to ship back home. Apart from the unjustified nature of the Iraq War, the casualties that the conflict created and is still creating are one of the major reasons why this war is being contested. As of June 2, 2009, there have been 4,627 coalition deaths, and these only include the coalition forces that died (Cable News Network [CNN]). According to a recent research published in the New York Times, the civilian casualties that the conflict is causing may sum up to 600,000 since the war began (Tavernise and Mcneil). That is almost a hundred thousand deaths a year, which makes this war even more wrong because of the sheer number of casualties produced. Not everybody sees this war the same way. Some argue that if Iraq was not invaded by Coalition forces, Iraq may have developed the Weapons of Mass Destruction they were so eager to find inside Iraqi territory. However, since the time when Iraq was invaded up to this date, no Weapons of Mass Destruction have been detected, making this argument invalid. For others, the war on Iraq was a necessary move of the United States in order to defend itself from foreign threats, and it was a direct action to the seemingly increasing threat that Saddam supposedly had on the US. Former US President George W. Bush claimed that war was his last option. â€Å"I didnt want war, to assume that I wanted war is just flat wrong,† George Bush said in an interview (qtd. in Shakir). However, evidence suggests that he has already made up his mind long before the first coalition forces landed on Iraqi soil. Bush and then British Prime Minister Tony Blair have already met and decided on the matter as revealed in a memo dated January 31, 2003 (Norton-Taylor). Conclusion The Iraq War is just flat out wrong. The US government pretended and projected to the people that Iraq was an imminent threat despite the lack of real evidence. The rationality of the war is just based on misleading information, therefore making it a mistake. However, more important than the rationality of the war, the number of casualties that the conflict has created and is still creating is a strong enough reason to justify the immorality and irrationality of the war. Others may claim that the war was necessary, but the hard truth is that it was indeed a mistake. The failure to find WMD has caused critics to be suspicious of the real intent of the US why they invaded Iraq — Iraq is of course an oil well capable of generating enormous amounts of money that even the already rich US government could not resist. Works Cited Cable News Network. â€Å"US and Coalition Casualties: Iraq. † CNN. com/world. 2 June 2009. 4 June 2009. http://edition. cnn. com/SPECIALS/2003/iraq/forces/casualties/. Center for American Progress. â€Å"In Their Own Words: Iraqs Imminent Threat.† Center for American Progress. 29 Jan. 2004. 4 June 2009. http://www. americanprogress. org/kf/QUOTES. PDF. Norton-Taylor, Richard. â€Å"Blair-Bush Deal Before Iraq War Revealed in Secret Memo. † 3 Feb. 2006. Guardian News and Media. 4 June 2009. http://www. guardian. co. uk/world/2006/feb/03/iraq. usa. Shakir, Faiz. â€Å"Bush Insists I Didnt Want War, Overwhelming Evidence Suggests Otherwise. † Think Progress. 21 Mar. 2006. 4 June 2009. http://thinkprogress. org/2006/03/21/made-up-his-mind/.

Mycosis Fungoides Essay -- Biology, T Cells

Mycosis fungoides is a main subtype of a cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL), in which a heterogeneous collection of lymphomas develop into malignant cancer cells, primarily affecting the skin. This disease can be distinguished from other cutaneous T cell lymphomas by its unique clinical and histologic features (Armitage et al., 2010). Mycosis fungoides can be treated several different ways and is dependent on several factors such as the stage of the cancer, health of the patient, presenting symptoms and patient-specific issues (Parker & Bradley, 2006). Traditional therapies for mycosis fungoides involved radiation therapy, oral psoralen with UVA light therapy and narrow- and broadband UVB light therapy. Recently, novel therapies have been established to treat CTCL and several of them are starting to become routine therapies for the erythrodermic subgroup of mycosis fungoides. This paper will discuss the historical background of the disease as well as the new techniques that have been u sed within the past few years and the traditional methods of treatment. T cells are genetically prepared to protect and survey the human body from any environmental stressors, foreign agents and malignancy. Some of these T cells are programmed to protect the skin. Once the body is infected with T lymphocytes, the T cells infiltrate the skin, work together to eradicate the allergen and eventually they undergo the process of natural cell death. However, when specific skin-homing T lymphocytes infect the skin, they then clonally expand and are sometimes unable to exit the skin compartment. Once the lymphocytes accumulate within the skin, the reaction is then known as a rash. This proliferation of abnormal cloning of T cells within the skin distinguishes ... ...ter researching mycosis fungoides, I have learned that the cause of this disease is unknown and unless detected at an early stage, it is most likely not curable. What are fortunate for patients with mycosis fungoides are the numerous therapeutic options which I find to be remarkable. Since the treatment options are mainly palliative, I have realized the goals of therapy for this disease are symptom relief and consideration for their quality of life. Although most techniques are chosen based upon clinical stage of the disease, what I find most promising is total skin electron beam radiation therapy. With this type of technology being around for several years, and continuously updating to modern techniques, I find it most beneficial to patients. However, there are several options available for patients and being able to combine different therapies is in their favor.

The Voice

You may adore it, you may despise it well guess what I love: The Voice. Well if you have not heard of it; let me give you some insight into it. It`s a British television talent show based on ‘The Voice Of Holland’ created by the Dutch television producer John De Mol. It began its 11 week run in March 2012. There are four stimulating and appealing judges to judge the voices of the contestants; more over the judges are Danny O’Donoghue who is absolutely good-looking; there’s Jessie J who sings absolutely flawlessly; followed by Sir Tom Jones who is totally a legend; last but not least Will.I. Am who is extremely hilarious! As soon as I saw that they were the judges I literally jumped off my feet and started screaming! As you could see all the judges are singers moreover they aren’t producers or other music executives as an alternative they are famous recording artists who represent a range of musical genres. OMG the presenters are Reggie Yates and Holl y Willoughby. I absolutely admire Reggie Yates and Holly Willoughby well I'm not fond of her that much, yet she’s alright.Well I haven’t even mentioned why I think highly of ‘The Voice’ yet! I admire it because it’s different compared to all the other different talent shows, for instance: X-Factor and Britain’s Got Talent. In addition, The Voice is judged based on their voice and not accordingly to their appearance as the auditions are ‘blind auditions’ meaning that the judges back are turned towards the contestant, so that they can’t see who’s singing, which I think is superior!Thus if the judges liked the voice they would buzz to see who’s behind the voice. If there’s more than one judge that buzzed the contestant gets to chose who they want as their mentor throughout the competition. Which I personally think is the most thrilling part of the auditions to see who they pick and who I think they are go nna pick. Besides, I forgot to say I also Love the songs they sing throughout the competition, mainly because I’ve heard of them before, as a result they are my variety of music! So what are your thoughts?Well, Isabel Mohan says â€Å"The Voice failed because it was so nauseatingly nice† along with Aiden Merrygold says â€Å"I find this show pointless as we already have an X-Factor and Britain’s Got Talent and I think that’s enough! However, I don’t care what others say about this show it’s their opinion and my opinion is I find this show irresistible. Well, so far of the first series on the whole much-loved episode was the semi – finals one, where the contestants sang with their mentors for the very first time! It was exciting as well as intriguing to see what song they would sing and sort of genre they would pick!However, the battle rounds were very electrifying to watch, as all the contestants were incredibly good singers moreover it was sad to see a few of them leave. So, what are the battle rounds? Do you know? Well, let me tell you a bit about it. During the battle rounds the contestants are coached by judges and mentored by an additional recording artist they are known as ‘advisers’. The battle pits two of a judge’s singers against each other they must sing the same song in front of a studio audience. After, the judges have to choose which of their own singers must go home.

Operations Management Problem Exercises Essay

McBurger’s fast-food restaurant has a drive-through window with a single server who takes orders from an intercom and also is the cashier. The window operator is assisted by other employees who prepare the orders. Customers arrive at the ordering station prior to the drive-through window every 3.6 minutes (exponentially distributed) and the service time is 2.4 minutes (exponentially distributed). Determine the average length of the waiting line and the waiting time. Discuss the quality implications of your results. If you decide that the quality of the service could be improved, indicate what things you might do to improve quality. 60/3.6=16.67 60/2.4=25 16.67Â ²/(25)(25.25-16.67)=1.33 customers waiting 16.67/25(25-16.67)=.08hr or 4.80 minutes in line Adding an additional order taker would allow the cashier to efficiently transact with the customer to remove any bottle neck. 6.5Â  Patricia Zell, a dollmaker from Olney, Maryland, is interested in the mass marketing and production of a ceramic doll of her own design called Tiny Trisha. The initial investment required for plant and equipment is estimated at $25,000. Labor and material costs are approximately $10 per doll. If the dolls can be sold for $50 each, what volume of demand is necessary for the Tiny Trisha doll to break even? 625 Dolls 6.6 Although it will fulfill her lifelong dream, Patricia is not confident that demand for her Tiny Trisha doll will exceed the breakeven point computed in Problem 6-5. If she chooses a less appealing site and does more of the work by hand, her initial investment cost can be reduced to $5000, but her per-unit cost of manufacture will rise to $15 per doll. a. What is the breakeven point for this new process? b. Compare this process to the process proposed in the previous problem. For what volume of demand should Patricia choose this process? A. 143 B. Option 2 investment is significantly lower than option 1 while the cost of the doll would be more her breakeven point would be less therefore become profitable sooner and build capital to eventually reduce the manual labor costs.

T.K.Maxx Strategic Analysis Essay Example

T.K.Maxx Strategic Analysis Essay Example T.K.Maxx Strategic Analysis Paper T.K.Maxx Strategic Analysis Paper T.K Maxx is one of the celebrated European off- monetary value retail merchant with more shops, more assortment of merchandises and quality trade names. T.K Maxx is portion of the TJX companies which is known as the off-price retail concatenation in the United States. Retail construct of United States came to the United Kingdom in 1994 because the first T.K Maxx was opened in Bristol in 1994. As of June 2009, T.K Maxx had 247 shops across Europe, 212 shops in the United land, 13 in Ireland, 18 in Germany and 4 in Poland ( Source: Official website T.K. Maxx ) .T.K Maxx is the tenth largest manner retail merchant in the UK ( Source: TNS Fashion Tracker ) . T.K. Maxx is the UK S 4th favourite retail merchant, the 3rd favourite vesture retail merchant and the UK s shoe retail merchant for 2009 ( Beginning: Verdit Retail Group ) . III. Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats 3.1 Strengths Low-cost monetary value and quality merchandise is the demand of the more clients and T.K Maxx has the positive impact of clients. T.K Maxx encompasses a broad scope of sectors and people may hold small options but to purchase new apparels and other accoutrements they choose for T.K Maxx. The falling cost of goods over the past decennary has encouraged consumers, to purchase goods more frequently than in the yesteryear. The UK retail selling benefits from a strong tradition in manner and design. T.K Maxx besides affected from this. 3.2 Failing Gross saless are seasonal, Most of the expensive points like coats, party wear and different gifts are required chiefly in Christmas clip. Many big retail companies wear established and it is hard for competition and to set up new T.K Maxx shops. The recession has besides sparked monetary value war that is farther gnawing net income borders. 3.3 Opportunities T.K Maxx concatenation that offer comparatively inexpensive points should make good during the recession. UK occupants continue to pass less on apparels than Europeans because there is a possible for continued growing in the overall market. Chiefly work forces spend less on vesture than adult females, and there is range to promote work forces to take a greater involvement in manner. T.K Maxx provides the quality merchandise in price reduction monetary value which becomes the chance to those people who have low income. Therefore, it is easy to do clients alter their purchasing behaviour by particular features of the merchandises. A merchandise with particular characteristics demonstrated in appropriate topographic points can pull clients attending and consequence in their purchasing determination. 3.4 Menaces The growing of the retail market shows small symbol of decelerating in concern because of more competition. Then the picks of the clients may diminish. The lessening in the value of the lb could do the cost of retail market of T.K Maxx besides because the imported apparels and other accoutrements will lift, which could ensue in lower gross revenues volumes. A drawn-out and deep recession may do shopping wonts to alter in the long term, with a new accent on salvaging. Consumers may cut down to pass more money on vesture and other countries of ingestion. The growing of the inexpensive production and the higher competition could impact the overall concern. IV. PESTLE Analysis The external factors have a great impact in the sector of concern. The external factors which affect the concern are dealt under PESTLE analysis. PESTLE stands for political, economical, societal, technological, legal and environmental factors. 1. Political factors: Politicss is the art and scientific discipline of authorities. The policy of authorities straight affect to the company. Similarly, T.K Maxx is affected by the revenue enhancement policies, trade limitations, political stableness, duties restriction etc. 2. Economic factors: The planetary recession and economic downswing has reduced the gross revenues of retail merchandises and other place accoutrements. At present most of the people are idle. The unemployment rate for October to December 2009 was 7.8 per cent, unchanged on the one-fourth. The figure of unemployed people fell by 3,000 over the one-fourth to make 2.46 million. The figure of people unemployed for more than 12 months increased by 37,000 over the one-fourth to make 663,000, the highest figure since the three months to September 1997. The figure of people claiming Jobseeker s Allowance ( the claimant count ) increased by 23,500 between December 2009 and January 2010 to make 1.64 million, the highest figure since April 1997. This monthly addition in the claimant count was preceded by two back-to-back monthly falls. ( Beginning: Office for National Statistics ) Increasing in unemployment affect to the concern. This is besides impacting the T.K Maxx Company. T.K Maxx have branded themselves as selling to everyone and hence offer a scope of merchandises and services from Value to Finest monetary values therefore appealing to all sections of the market. 3. Social factors: Society and civilization is an of import factor that must be given accent by any concern. Now a yearss most of the people are going sophisticated and brainsick in stylish apparels and places. T.K Maxx provide these stylish apparels and places in afford able monetary value. Besides clients have positive consequence towards the quality merchandise of the T.K Maxx Company. 4. Technological factors: Technology offer companies a new manner to pass on with consumers. Technology can cut down costs and better quality of merchandise, on-line shopping, on-line gift card competition, T.K Maxx fan from face book, CCTV entering for security etc. are the illustration of engineering which are used in T.K Maxx. Customers can choose and order for goods from the nearest T.K Maxx shop harmonizing to their pick utilizing technological instrument. 5. Environmental factors: To maintain the neat and clean environment inside every T.K Maxx shops, cleaners are provided by the Initial Company of UK. Initial company provides preparation to the cleaners to do tidy every bit good as to recycle the waste. 6. Legal factors: Age limitation, increasing in the lower limit pay, assortment of employment jurisprudence for employee ( pupil 20/10 hours, full clip workers 40 hours ) are illustration of recent Torahs which affect to the company. Change in trade policy, wellness and safety, merchandise safety are the legal factors. V. T.K Maxx Strategic Marketing To develop a new concern scheme T.K. Maxx developed a promotional run that emphasized big labels little monetary values and love T.K. Maxx . To link clients within the concern it provides 60 % price reduction in different points. Besides to pull clients T.K Maxx produces merchandises harmonizing to the pick and involvement of the clients. T.K Maxx is seeking to increase figure of shops near about 275 in the United Kingdom and Ireland besides about 300 shops in Germany. While we consider in to the strategic selling procedure, T.K Maxx aims at constructing client satisfaction.Also for successful market it gives more focal point on edifice trade name. T.K Maxx makes certain that all staffs are motivated and all pulling in the same way to carry through the aims of the company. It has a alone concern attack.Customers are empowered to purchase all kinds of trade names and labels, assorted qualities like large and little, a scope of colourss, manners and sizes. The most of import portion is that clients can acquire exceeding value. As a gross revenues publicity technique T.K Maxx organized some monthly publicities. To come in in the publicity clients aged over 18 demand to subscribe up in the on-line.Every month one individual will acquire the top award i.e. TK Maxx gift card of A ; lb ; 250 to pass in TK Maxx UK. 1. Sport Relief Hot @ reachings competition 2. Sport alleviation face book competition 3. Sport relief on-line T-shirt competition The major rivals of TK Maxx are Tesco PLC, Primark shops limited and George vesture. The development of an effectual selling scheme depends upon an apprehension of the working of the market topographic point, of clients demands every bit good as appropriate mix for the market section and prevalent environmental conditions. Besides understanding of the demands, wants and behaviour of clients are the most of import factors in planing a selling scheme. T.K Maxx is ever seeking to carry through these factors for the development of effectual selling scheme. Ad is besides one of the effectual communicating tools for marketing consumer merchandises in T.K Maxx. Television, newspapers and cyberspace are the medium of advertizement of T.K Maxx. Similarly, T.K Maxx fan which is provided in the face book of T.K Maxx is besides the attractive force of the clients towards this company. For the publicity of the company T.K Maxx has participated in some charity plants which are given below: In the UK in 2007, T.K. Maxx was an active participant of Comic Relief, holding been the exclusive retail merchant of the Red Nose Day jerseies which generated A ; lb ; 2 million to the Comic Relief cause. In 2009, T.K. Maxx was once more the exclusive retail merchant of the Red Nose Day jerseies with sole designs by Stella McCartney, raising a sum of A ; lb ; 3,200,589. T.K. Maxx besides works with the Woodland Trust by get downing to bear down for plastic bearer bags in August 2008 and donating the returns to the Trust. The returns have allowed the Woodland Trust to works 30,000 new trees on a 15acres ( 60,703m2 ) site near Elmstead Market, Essex. The use of bearer bags from T.K. Maxx has reduced by 73 % since the strategy was launched. Since 2004, T.K. Maxx has held a Christmas card recycling strategy in concurrence with the Trust. ( Beginning: www.tkmaxx.co.uk ) 5.1 Problems 1. Staff handiness: It is about hard to acquire aid, particularly on a Saturday or during a sale. It is a price reduction interior decorator retail merchant shop which does non offer the same degree of service as a Ralph Lauren mercantile establishment. 2. Security: The computing machine systems of T.K Maxx were targeted by hackers in Watford and Massachusetts from which about 45.7 million histories were stolen. Those clients who used their card between January 2003 and June 2004 were affected from this job. 3. Stains and holes: some retail points in the T.K Maxx appear worn. So clients should make full look into before paying for the point. Returning it with Markss could turn out slippery. VI. Decision From the analysis of the survey it can be concluded that T.K Maxx has the positive impact of the clients because it uses a construct called off monetary value to sell interior decorator and high street goods at a price reduction up to 60 per centum on recommended retail monetary value. This will assist to T.K Maxx to sell immense sum of its merchandise in a short clip and to supply new, fresh and manner able merchandises to the clients. Since the company is offering dressing designs for all age groups which depend on the demands and demand of their clients. The consequence of the PESTLE analysis carried out on the macro-environment of T.K Maxx company indicated really important consequence for the industry and company itself, it can be concluded that the concern of T.K Maxx Company is expected to be executable and grow faster. The sector of the retail is one of the most competitory in the concern universe so that effectual selling scheme is required in order to be successful. Handin ess of the quality merchandises, good client service and publicity of the T.K Maxx shows the effectual selling scheme of the company. This will supply a better thought of how to market merchandises and better clients base. VII. Recommendation From the above analysis and decision I would wish to propose some recommendations for the betterment of the T.K Maxx Company. 1. Full cheque of apparels and goods should be performed before directing the points to the T.K Maxx shops to sell because they may be damaged or worn. 2. T.K Maxx shops are situated in the European states and United States merely. To spread out in its concern and to supply good clients service it is recommended that the shops of T.K Maxx should open in developing states besides. To cut down the waiting clip of clients in waiting line to pay for points T.K Maxx should increase more staffs. Bibliography Cartwright, R. ( 2002 ) Mastering Marketing Management, Palgrave Frain, J. ( 1999 ) Introduction to Marketing 4th edition, London: Thomson Business Press hypertext transfer protocol: //www.tkmaxx.com 14 Feb 2010 at 00:35 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.tjx.com 17 Feb 2010 at 15:37 About T.K Maxx . T.K Maxx Retrieved 26 Feb 2010 20:26

Andersonville Prison in the Civil War

Andersonville Prison in the Civil War The Andersonville prisoner of war camp, which operated from  February 27, 1864, until the end of the American Civil War  in 1865, was one of the most notorious in U.S. history. Underbuilt, overpopulated, and continuously short on supplies and clean water, it was a nightmare for the nearly 45,000 soldiers who entered its walls. Construction In late 1863, the Confederacy found that it needed to construct additional prisoner of war camps to house captured Union soldiers waiting to be exchanged. As leaders discussed where to place these new camps, former Georgia governor, Major General Howell Cobb stepped forward to suggest the interior of his home state. Citing southern Georgias distance from the front lines, relative immunity to Union cavalry raids, and easy access to railroads, Cobb was able to convince his superiors to build a camp in Sumter County. In November 1863, Captain W. Sidney Winder was dispatched to find a suitable location. Arriving at the tiny village of Andersonville, Winder found what he believed to be an ideal site. Located near the Southwestern Railroad, Andersonville possessed transit access and a good water source. With the location secured, Captain Richard B. Winder (a cousin to Captain W. Sidney Winder) was sent to Andersonville to design and oversee the construction of the prison. Planning a facility for 10,000 prisoners, Winder designed a 16.5-acre rectangular compound that had a stream flowing through the center. Naming the prison Camp Sumter in January 1864, Winder used local slaves to construct the compounds walls. Built of tight-fitting pine logs, the stockade wall presented a solid facade that did not allow the slightest view of the outside world. Access to the stockade was through two large gates set in the west wall. Inside, a light fence was built approximately 19-25 feet from the stockade. This dead line was meant to keep prisoners away from the walls and any caught crossing it was shot immediately. Due to its simple construction, the camp rose quickly and the first prisoners arrived on February 27, 1864.   A Nightmare Ensues While the population at the prison camp steadily grew, it began to balloon after the Fort Pillow  incident on  April 12, 1864, when Confederate forces under Major General Nathan Bedford Forrest massacred black Union soldiers at the Tennessee fort. In response, President Abraham Lincoln demanded that black prisoners of war be treated the same as their white comrades. Confederate President Jefferson Davis refused. As a result, Lincoln and Lt. General Ulysses S. Grant suspended all prisoner exchanges. With the halt of exchanges, POW populations on both sides began to grow rapidly. At Andersonville, the population reached 20,000 by early June, twice the camps intended capacity. With the prison badly overcrowded, its superintendent, Major Henry Wirz, authorized an expansion of the stockade. Using prisoner labor, a 610-ft. addition was built on the prisons north side. Built in two weeks, it was opened to the prisoners on July 1. In an effort to further alleviate the situation, Wirz paroled five men in July and sent them north with a petition signed by the majority of the prisoners asking for POW exchanges to resume.  This request was denied by the Union authorities. Despite this 10-acre expansion, Andersonville remained badly overcrowded with the population peaking at 33,000 in August. Throughout the summer, conditions in the camp continued to deteriorate as the men, exposed to the elements, suffered from malnutrition and diseases such as dysentery. With its water source polluted from the overcrowding, epidemics swept through the prison. The  monthly mortality rate was now around 3,000 prisoners, all of whom were buried in mass graves outside the stockade. Life within Andersonville was made worse by a group of prisoners known as the Raiders, who stole food and valuables from other prisoners. The Raiders were eventually rounded up by a second group known as the Regulators, who put the Raiders on trial and pronounced sentences for the guilty. Punishments ranged from being placed in the stocks to being forced to run the gauntlet. Six were condemned to death and hanged. Between June and October 1864, some relief was offered by Father Peter Whelan, who daily ministered to the prisoners and provided food and other supplies.   Final Days As Major General William T. Shermans troops marched on Atlanta, General John Winder, the head of Confederate POW camps, ordered Major Wirz to construct earthwork defenses around the camp. These turned out to be unnecessary. Following Shermans capture of Atlanta, the majority of the camps prisoners were transferred to a new facility at Millen, GA. In late 1864, with Sherman moving toward Savannah, some of the prisoners were transferred back to Andersonville, raising the prisons population to around 5,000. It remained at this level until the wars end in April 1865. Wirz Executed Andersonville has become synonymous with the trials and atrocities faced by POWs during the Civil War. Of the approximately 45,000 Union soldiers who entered Andersonville, 12,913 died within the prisons walls- 28 percent  of Andersonvilles population and 40 percent of all Union POW deaths during the war. The Union blamed Wirz. In May 1865, the major was arrested and taken to Washington, DC. Charged with a litany of crimes, including conspiring to impair the lives of Union prisoners of war and murder, he faced a military tribunal overseen by Major General Lew Wallace that August. Prosecuted by Norton P. Chipman, the case saw a procession of former prisoners give testimony about their experiences at Andersonville. Among those who testified on Wirzs behalf were Father Whelan and General Robert E. Lee. In early November, Wirz was found guilty of conspiracy as well as 11 of 13 counts of murder. In a controversial decision, Wirz was sentenced to death. Though pleas for clemency were made to President Andrew Johnson, these were denied and Wirz was hanged  on November 10, 1865, at the Old Capitol Prison in Washington, DC. He was one of two individuals tried, convicted, and executed for war crimes during the Civil War, the other being the Confederate guerrilla Champ Ferguson. The site of Andersonville was purchased by the Federal government in 1910 and is now the home of Andersonville National Historic Site.

Lab Assignments Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Lab Assignments - Assignment Example There must also exist a spacious business room to house the franchise, and finally, the equipment must be available. My chosen corporation is the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. the profile of the company indicates that its head office is at Ottawa, Ontario. The company is managed and run by the Board of directors, which includes the President and the twelve directors and appointed by the GIC for a five-year term and may be removed at any time by the same IGC. President is the full time while the chairperson operates part-time. The updated salaries for the Executives as at 2014 indicates the chairperson is to be earning between $565-$665, Project Manager $77,708, System analyst $62,511 and TV Director $78,118. The total amount of stock for the corporation is about $1,849 million. Budgeting is spending less than what you have planned on both the long and the short terms. A basic of budgeting requires an individual to know his/her income to determine the expenses that they may incur every month (Needles, Powers & Crosson, 2011). A basic of budgeting also requires an individual to calculate the difference to determine surplus or deficit before developing up a budget. My strategic plan includes starting up an income generating business that will sustain family members. I have several strategic plans ahead of me, just to mention some of them; I want to continue with my education until I grow old, I am also planning of coming up with programs within my society that will help create jobs for the jobless youth within my area. My tactical plans includes coming with ideas of how I will start my income generating business, where I will get the finances to start up the business, I am also thinking of what methods I will use to ensure the continuity of my education (Needles, Powers & Crosson, 2011). I am also planning of facing

INTRODUCTION TO CIVILIZATION-unit 4, question #3 Essay

INTRODUCTION TO CIVILIZATION-unit 4, question #3 - Essay Example The biggest similarity between the tool-kits of the farmer and hunter-gatherer groups were the materials that they tools were made from. According to Howard Spodek, author of the book entitled The Worlds History, tools were generally made of materials such as stone, wood, and bone(Spodek, 2006). Additionally, both hunter-gatherer and farming civilizations had tools for cutting and scraping specifically as these tools were necessary for every day life, according to Spodek(Spodek, 2006). Lastly, hunter-gatherer and farming communities utilized similar tools for their pottery, which was a big part of their lives in terms of its cultural implications, and its daily usability as storage for food, water, and other supplies(Spodek, 2006). For the most part, however, the tool-kits between these two groups differed greatly. The hunter-gatherer society had tools that were geared toward hunting, fishing, and collecting. Spears, knives, harpoons, and baskets were the primary tools utilized by this type of society(Spodek, 2006). Farming civilizations, on the other hand, had tool-kits which were much more complex because they had much more variety in terms of their daily tasks. Instead of just creating shelter and finding food, farming communities were â€Å"domesticating animals†¦cultivating crops† and also developing culture in the form of â€Å"pottery and weaving and jewelry†(Spodek, 2006). According to Spodek, farming villages had tools such as â€Å"blades, knives, sickles, arrows, daggers†¦mortars and pestles†¦and rudimentary plows and hoes(Spodek, 2006). This toolkit would be considered much more advanced than the hunter-gatherer tool-kits. Hunter-gatherer and farming societies contributed greatly to the success of humanity. Both groups had different goals and different experiences, which influenced the tools they needed on a daily basis. Due to the fact that hunter-gatherer communities began to

Operartional management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Operartional management - Essay Example The case of restaurant managed by Ms Nok Si Leon shows that she is full of innovative and quality improvements ideas, thus some of them will not work in the airport setting. To present a total point of view, critics shall consider channels from the manufacturers' perspective, emphasizing their selection rather than the description of their components. Just the same, it should not be assumed that channels are always selected or devised on a rational basis. Many channels just grow and become habitual and institutionalized. In the future they must be planned more effectively because marketing tasks (which are shaped by technological changes, sociological and psychological factors, new product development, automation, and dynamic global markets) are becoming more complex (Naylor 2002). The proposed two shelf lines will help Nok to meet customers' expectations and different tastes. It should be evident that differences exist between the organization and management of a channel as compared with that of an independent unit. Authority does not flow directly through each of the units from the top down. Resources are owned and allocated by a number of units. Objectives and expectations of units vary; and although interdependence of interests exists, there are also conflicts. The ideal relationship as seen by each member may shackle other members. In such instances, negotiation, bargaining, and requests for cooperation as well as power become tools of coordination. Following Cohen and Roussel (2004) equilibrium in a channel depends on the development of mutually satisfying marketing relationships and roles among manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers. The tie that binds and coordinates channel activity is the community of interest and independence that these groups share. Often the relationship is one in which the manufacturer is the primary organization and other channel members are secondary (Naylor 2002). The most ineffective strategy is to divide the restaurant into two areas and "move" it divided line when necessary. It will create a lot of problems for staff and visitors. Basically, restaurants have three channel policy courses available to them -- intensive, limited, or exclusive distribution. Intensive or broad distribution gives maximum exposure; these are convenience items where easy and ready access is important. The problem they pose of widespread market penetration often requires wholesalers. Limited menus permits a choice of dealers more ready to cooperate with a manufacturer and promote his line. This approach permits the concentration of effort on selected outlets, and requires careful planning. Nok should rely on high quality but limited number of food proposed to customers (Naylor 2002). For Nok, channel selection has great bearing on a company's financial requirements and market capability and vice versa. Given the total range of services supplied by a channel (the wholesaler, for example), companies are able to distribute to broader market areas and to expand their production capabilities. As distribution channels change, so do corporate financial requirements and resource positions. Manufacturers may establish a sequential plan for distribution based on their own development. For instance, a small manufacturer with a limited product line, limited finances, and geographically dispersed markets may use the full services of a wholesaler. As the manufacturer grows in financial

Virtual Police Department Case Study Essay Example for Free

Virtual Police Department Case Study Essay Introduction This paper will consist of an overview of the Virtual Police Department, the history of that department and where it is today. I will analyse the different issues within the department and set a constructive path for the department so that it may benefit fully from all the resources that it has available. The Virtual Police Department is a medium sized department with 155 sworn officers. The department has a long history of hiring from a â€Å"good ole boy† system. The criteria for being hired at this particular department is minimal and their turnover rate for personnel is often and all at once. The current department leadership has been around for no more than 15 years and most of the staff have been hired within the last 5 years. Because of the turnover rate, experience is lacking. All of the seasoned officers have â€Å"phased out† and promotions were required, however, not necessarily earned or deserved. I have identified several areas that I would recommend immediate attention to. However, I have highlighted four of these for the purpose of this case study. Firstly, I would look at the hiring process within this department and make some much needed changes. Next, I would revisit the budget. Then, I would restructure the four organizations into functioning efficient groups. Lastly, I would establish connections within the community and neighbouring police departments and community agencies to ensure a close knit, positive, supported network. I recommend that this department begin with a change to its hiring process. Many of the employees have no more than a high school diploma. I feel there should be a set standard of education and experience to become the Chief of Police. Not just family relations or friends. The community of VPD are losing faith and confidence in their police department and one way to begin the change is to start from the inside. Once the Chief of Police is in  office with a Bachelor or higher, then they may start enforcing their own officers to at least fulfil an associate’s degree in Criminal Justice. I understand that in the past, looking for personnel who had a Bachelor’s degree rendered many from w ithin the department ineligible, however, maybe this is a beginning to the change. The department needs to start looking outside of their town for personnel to police the area. According to the department demographics chart, the department has never had the full authorized members. From 2009-2012, the average number of actual sworn employees was 140. The authorized number rose in 2011 to 145. The current year, there are 155 sworn officers which is 10 over authorization. The history of the making of this police department has seriously perpetuated the situation the VPD is facing today. From the initial hiring in 1950, the Mayor and City Council hired their friends as the initial department members. In the beginning, this had no effect on the department and it actually solidified a great relationship within the community. However, as times have changed, the department itself has grown, the community has grown as well, this kind of hiring process has taken its toll on the department, authority, and the community. The department has a significant repetitive issue which is the consistent bulk hiring and retiring of its officers. There really isn’t a phase out process in place whereby rookie police officers train and learn from the more experienced ones before they retire. It seems a common theme within this department is a lot of running from fire to fire. It appears the department spends more time playing defence as opposed to offense. Instead of the department spacing its personnel who are looking at retirement out, they all seem to retire at the same time. This is yet another impact of the hiring of friends and family. Although it worked well in the 1950’s, the city and its inhabitants are far different than they were in the 1950s. There also appears to be a significant amount of complaints from both internal and external sources; as well as decreasing percentage of crimes solved and/or successfully prosecuted. Based on these issues, I would phase the retirement and hiring proc ess. It may initially create a few headaches, however, I believe those will be fewer than the continual spiral out of control the department is currently facing. I believe that if some of those that are close to retirement were promoted to other positions within the force, they would stay around a little longer.  Eventually, there will be a good mix of longevity within the police department. Ensuring that junior officers receive proper training from the more seasoned officers is extremely important. According to the crime statistics provided by the scenario, there appears to be a lot of burglary, robbery, and theft in the Part 1 Offences. Personnel should be dedicated to these areas to ensure the crime is attacked BEFORE it occurs. The Broken Windows theory is epic when considering the transformation of a community. Showing the community that the police want to be proactive as opposed to reactive is certainly a good start. In the proactive article titled â€Å"Broken Windows: The Polic e and Neighborhood Safety,† James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling argued that policing should work more on â€Å"little problems† such as maintaining order, providing services to those in need, and adopting strategies to reduce the fear of crime (1982:29). Their assumptions were based on three reasons: Areas with street people, youth gangs, prostitution, and drunks are high-crime areas. Neighborhood disorder creates fear. (1982:30) Another issue with the current hiring process is there is no hiring board or public announcements made. The police department likes to hire from within and have kept to hiring friends and family to, â€Å"keep all the undesirables off the police force.† I would announce any upcoming vacancies state wide and set up a hiring process based on qualifications. The hiring would not be concurrent with the Mayoral elections and the police department will break from the political tie it currently has. As the police department and the mayoral council run so tightly together, it is impossible for the VPD, state police, and county sheriff to communicate with each other. Communication between police departments is crucial for the VPD to survive. The process of socialization seems to be missing from the Virtual Pol ice Department. Although they are close because of the internal hiring, it does not lend credence to learning the ropes by doing as much as by the rule-book. As the experienced officers phase out, there is not a lot left for the younger inexperienced officers to learn the valuable on-the-job lessons with. George, C., Smith, C. (2004). With the changes to the hiring and retiring process, the budget obviously needs to be revisited. The first thing I would do is look at the average starting salary for the police and drop it to $32,000 $35,000 annual. Starting rookie police officers out at $45,000 doesn’t give room for promotion with pay increase, time on  department increases, and doesn’t encourage members within the department to further their education or strive for a better position. Pay should increase as positions and responsibility increase. If 75 of the 155 police officers are within their first 5 years on the force, their pay should be $35,000 annual. The budget would need to be met to cover the cost of each police officer with a buffer of 15% for over time. If the starting salary for the VPD force was $32,000, the total for the rookie officers would be $2,400,000 annual. That would be a savings of $975,000 a year. Police departments should have a program and promotion rate for their officers to strive toward. According to George Cole and Christopher Smith, â€Å"The average starting salary in 2001 was more than $32,000†. (2004:173). Pay increase should come with responsibility and job knowledge and time on the force. I also think the police department needs to compare the pay of their officers and commanders to other neighbouring departments and base the starting pay on those. An extremely important aspect has been overlooked within this department due to budget cuts. Training has obviously suffered greatly. I do not believe that training should ever be jeopardized for the sake of saving a few pennies. Train the trainer programs are a great way to maximize training the cheapest way. Sending one or two individuals to receive training that will certify them to conduct the training within their department is gold. Once the rapport is established with the other departments within the area, then the trainer can also train those departments. Essentially, each department would send someone to receive specialized training and share that training throughout the departments. This way, each department will save money and not have to forego the training. Another area that is concerning is firearm qualification training. This is a major mistake to allow officers to continue to carry their firearms when they are not qualified. If they had to use their weapon and during the course of the investigation, it is determined that they were not qualified, the repercussions would be immense, not just for the department, but for the other departments, the city, and the state. Also of great importance in the training area is ET not keeping up with law updates, changes, and recent court rulings. Training can be conducted on the job and any additional training can be completed during one of the 8 hour shifts if the s chedule can be made to allow a training day. That way, the officer  isn’t on the road, isn’t side-tracked, isn’t in court, or isn’t unavailable. If training day was a â€Å"duty day† then training can be maintained. â€Å"Recruits need formal training in order to gain an understanding of legal rules, weapons use, and other aspects of the job.† (2004:179). A positive approach to establishing a budget within the jurisdiction would be to evaluate the cost of crime. According to Mark Cohen, â€Å"taking a â€Å"bottom-up† approach to crime aids in breaking them down.† (2005: 84). Breaking the crimes down on a per-crime basis will give the planners assistance when looking at the statistics of their community crimes. In doing this, it would be beneficial for the courts to readdress the cost of fines paid, fees and offence times, etc. The courts would essentially be assisting the police department in policing their community. Possibly, stiffer sentences, stiffer fines, and attention to the crimes will be a significant deterrent. Let those who choose to break the law pay the price for it. The best way to reasonably ensure that training is being conducted is to organize the department a bit better. The department does seem to be organized well. It has the typical four separate commands; Patrol, Investigations, Special Operations, and Support Services. Each of these departments has a commander. The departments are organized by talents, friendships, and skills. The department seems to be extremely mismanaged as they currently have 155 sworn officers, however they are only authorized 145 by 2012. Along with the sworn officers, they are also extremely overstaffed with civilian employees as well. According to the table, they are authorized 17, however, they currently employ 70. On top of the overstaffing issue, the department has a history of hiring predominately Caucasian male police officers (70%), and only 11% Caucasian female officers; which has held pretty steady over the last four years. According to Wilson and Kelling, â€Å"For most of the nation’s history, almost all police officers were white men.† (2004:174). The Civilian Personnel demographics are not much different. The department has a high number of Caucasian men and women employees. The African-American male employees estimate at 10% of the police force ov er the last four years. The African-American female police officers sat at 3.7% estimated over the last four years. As the community has grown in size, it appears the police department has maintained a consistent employee demographic base. The last recorded census was from 2000. Based on that census, the population  consisted of the following; 50.9% male, 49.1% female, 60.1% Caucasian, 16.7% black or African American, 11.4% Hispanic, 7.0% Asian, Other 0.2%, some other race 1.7%, two or more races 2.9% and foreign born 16.2%. The median age was 37.9 years of age. Not only has the ethnic population changed, but the median income average has as well. The median has dropped by 13% which should alert the surrounding agencies that their citizens are not as wealthy as they once were and most of the time, this also incites criminal activity. The demographic differences in the community and police department is wide. It may have been the same demographics at one time, however, the police department hasn’t seemed to change much since the 1930s in that aspect. As the department still chooses to hire friends and family, this is not expected to change anytime soon. I would argue that the change needs to happen immediately. I think a new census should be taken or at least have patrols identify areas within the community that have changed drastically with ethnicity. A new census would also assist the budget and the jurisdiction boundary and also allow the bigger picture to be evident to the Mayor. Most cities have a natural cultural divide. It is important for the police department to recognize this and adjust their manning accordingly. If there is an increase of crimes against women, it would be important for the department to look at hiring more women onto the force who can deal with the more sensitive areas. If there are race issues within the community, it wouldn’t be a good decision to send a police officer into that area knowing it could potentially escalate a situation. The department should have more diversity amongst the officers. To start this, I will go back to my earlier statement on hiring outside of the police force family. Try and appeal to the other ethnic backgrounds that the community can relate to and hopefully start to trust. Next, I would re-evaluate the shift work. If the area of responsibility has grown, and the number of citizens within the community has grown, it is imperative that the police are able to respond and react to calls appropriately. Because police work doesn’t end at the scene, officers must have time to go back to the station and complete their required paperwork. Twelve hour shifts make it virtually impossible to complete paperwork and get enough rest before the next shift. I would break the shifts up into 8 hour shifts and apply the greater amount of officers to the busiest time of the day or night. Taking a look at the criminal statistics, I initially notice that due to the unplanned city demographic changes, the department is currently suffering a set back with a larger than projected area of responsibility and more citizens within their jurisdiction. The number of lower income families has risen, and the average age of the community dropped to 34.7 which means more children are attending the local schools. Looking at the Statistics of Crime in VPD area, there has been a significant increase in Part 1 and Part II Offenses. Part II Offences have seen the most increase over the last four years with drugs, disorderly conduct, and burglary topping the list. It is scary to note that although crimes in almost every offense is up, arrests are down significantly from 2009-2011 and 2012. Over the last four years, the city has seen a steady increase in crime and antisocial activity. Also, Use of Force, conduct, and performance complaints have drastically increased against the police, hi ghlighting a possible stressed, stretched thin police department, and frustrated community. It also appears that the adult offences are higher than the youth offenses. This could be as a result of the closure of the neighbouring city’s high rise public and subsidized housing causing its residents to relocate. Due to this, a 10% increase in low income residents are now a part of the VPD community. Larry Bennett, Janet Smith, and Patricia Wright wrote about Paul Fischer of Lake Forest College. In a 2003 study, â€Å"most families relocated from CHA housing are re-segregated into other very low-income, majority African-American neighborhoods where housing conditions are not appreciably better than those they left.† (2006: 219). Along the lines of changing 12 hour shifts into 8 hour shifts, I would also start communicating with the surrounding police departments. I would establish a rapport – even if it is to my departments sacrifice at first. I would be interested in any training opportunities, their demographics for their area, any areas that may â€Å"overlap† with jurisdictions, and I would start an interagency database so the surrounding areas demographics may be included in it. One thing that would have assisted the VPD before the buildings were torn down in the neighbouring areas would have been the communication between departments. Having a good working relationship with them would have potentially avoided all the chaos that was created by the influx of lower income families. I would also have my  Patrol Commander to establish a Community Oriented Policing task force to get out into the community and get some insight to what the citizens would like to see. If the department takes a step in the right direction and shows the community that they know there is a problem and they want the community’s help to fix it then it may generate a lot of interest. I am sure that if the community pulls together to start paying attention to vandalism, prostitution, drugs and disorderly conduct, then hopefully the homicides, rapes, burglaries, motor vehicle thefts and aggravated assaults would decrease. I would also incorporate an operation similar to â€Å"Operation Condor† which was highlighted by Howard Safir and Ellis Whitman. According to Safir and Whitman, Condor was an extension of the Broken Windows effec t. This operation had significant impact on homicide and crime rates and eliminated signs of lawlessness. (2005: 198). Based on the positive outcome of Operation Condor, VPD may benefit significantly with something like this. The police department has a bad reputation responding to calls. In 2012, there were 163,433 calls for police service and units were dispatched to only 131,548. That means that 31,885 calls for assistance were unanswered. This is not acceptable. According to James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling, â€Å"Untended disorderly behavior is a signal that the community does not care. This leads to worse disorder and crime. If police are to deal with disorder to reduce fear and crime, they need the community for assistance.† (1984:29) The new acceptable standard of bending the rules and the code of silence is inexcusable. The VPD has had a longstanding reputation for integrity. However, over the last several years, it has become accepted to bend the rules and violatio ns, and is overlooked by supervisors. The Virtual Police Department is in great need of a complete overhaul. Unfortunately, the department does not have its priorities correct. In my attempt to fix the VPD, I would call in Police Officer Standards and Training Commissions POST Commissions to evaluate and train the department on the critical issues of police officer standards. As this is a state function, the county, Mayor, and others will not be able to influence the training or decision making. According to Sullivan and Simonetti Rosen, â€Å"These state-level commissions provide law enforcement agencies with guidelines, established by administrative regulations or law, and require compliance by all municipal, county, and state law enforcement agencies, to maintain a baseline for  police officer standards and training.† (2006: 350-351). I honestly feel an â€Å"audit† would benefit the department on so many levels. Finally, I would appoint a Human Resource Manager to ensure that the needs of the personnel are met and a Safety Officer to ensure that regulations are being followed appropriately. The hiring process, budget, structure of the department, and community relations are what I see to be the weakest areas within this department. Fortunately, they feed off of each other and adjustments in one area will affect the others. It will be a process, but a greatly needed process none-the-less. References Cohen, M. (2005). The Costs of Crime and Justice. New York: Routledge. George, C., Smith, C. (2004). The American System of Criminal Justice (10 ed.). Belmont: Thompson Learning, Inc. Howard, S., Whitman, E. (2003). Security: Policing your Homeland, your State, Your City (1 ed.). New York: St Martins Press. Larry, B., Smith, J., Wright, P. (2006). Where are poor people to live?. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, Inc. Larry, S., Simonetti Rosen, M. (2005). Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement (Vol. 1). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, Inc. Virtual Police Department Case Study Paper

Biological Attack Essay -- essays research papers

Biological Attack   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Living Terrors by Michael T. Osterholm and John Schwartz, the threat of biological attack on the United States is introduced to the public. Using Living Terrors and a number of sources that are extremely knowledgeable on the question of preparedness of the United States to a biological attack, I will argue that the United States is in no way prepared to handle a biological attack on its soil.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nuclear, chemical and biological weapons are all considered weapons of mass destruction. However, unlike chemical or nuclear weapons, biological weapons combine maximum destructiveness and easy availability. According to Richard Betts, â€Å"nuclear arms have great killing capacity but are hard to get; chemical weapons are easy to get but lack such killing capacity; biological agents have both qualities† (9). In 1993, a study by the Office of Technology Assessment concluded that â€Å"a single airplane delivering 100 kilograms of anthrax spores by aerosol on a clear, calm night over Washington D.C., could kill up to 1 to 3 million people in a three hundred square mile area surrounding Washington D.C.† (Osterholm and Schwartz 9).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Biological weapons are a dangerous threat to the United States. According to Eric Noji, associate director of bioterrorism preparedness for the Center for Disease Control, â€Å"the threat of chemical and biological intentional releases is a clear and present danger† (Fialka et al B1). However, there is evidence that the United States is not taking the threat of a biological attack seriously. The investigating branch of Congress named the General Accounting Office or GAO, â€Å"charged that the government has failed to properly manage the medical stockpiles developed to protect the public from the scourge of potentially devastating biological weapons† (Cohen M2). Lack of Government funding against a biological attack is also evidence that the United States is not taking the threat of bioterrorism seriously. Mohammad N. Akhter, who is the executive director of the American Public Health Association, was quoted as saying that he â€Å"barely had the budget to deal adequately with a severe outbreak of the flu, let alone contain a smallpox epidemic† (A23). In the fiscal year of 2000: The Department of Health and Human Services received $238 million out of a ... ... C. Byrd has claimed that Mr. Thompson’s comments on 60 minutes â€Å"were not credible --- especially in light of Thompson’s request for nearly $1 billion in emergency anti-terrorism projects† (Connolly A29).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Osterholm, Michael T, Ph.D., M.P.H., and John Schwartz. Living Terrors. New York: Delacorte Press, 2000. Betts, Richard K. â€Å"Biological Weapons Are a Serious Threat.† Biological and Chemical Weapons. Ed. David M. Haugen. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1998. 7. Cohen, Stephen L. â€Å"The Nation/Medicine; U.S. a sitting Duck for Bioterrorism.† Los Angeles Times 27 February 2000: M2. Fialka, John, Marilyn Chase, Neil King and Ron Winslow. â€Å"Are We   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Prepared for the Unthinkable? --- Officials Fear U.S. Ill-Equipped To Cope With Biological Or Chemical Terrorism.† Wall Street   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Journal 18 September 2001: B1. Akhter, Mohammad. â€Å"Bioterrorism: How Unready We Are.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Washington Post 10 October: A23. Connolly, Ceci. â€Å"Senators Criticize HHS Chief On Readiness; Bio-   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Terrorism Comments ‘Will Not Really Help’.† Washington Post 4 October 2001: A29.